| Gene Name | NCL |
| HF Protein Name | Nucleolin |
| HF Function | |
| Uniprot ID | P19338 |
| Protein Sequence | View Fasta Sequence |
| NCBI Gene ID | 4691 |
| Host Factor (HF) Name in Paper | NCL |
| Gene synonyms | N.A. |
| Ensemble Gene ID | ENSG00000115053 |
| Ensemble Transcript | ENST00000322723.9 |
| KEGG ID | Go to KEGG Database |
| Gene Ontology ID(s) | GO:0001525, GO:0001533, GO:0003723, GO:0005634, GO:0005654, GO:0005681, GO:0005694, GO:0005730, GO:0005886, GO:0005938, GO:0016020, GO:0017148, GO:0036464, GO:0042162, GO:0042731, GO:0042802, GO:0043560, GO:0044547, GO:0045944, GO:0046627, GO:0048026, GO:0048027, GO:0070062, GO:0071364, GO:0160056, GO:1901838, GO:1990830, GO:1990904, |
| MINT ID | P19338 |
| STRING | Click to see interaction map |
| GWAS Analysis | Click to see gwas analysis |
| OMIM ID | 164035 |
| PANTHER ID | PTHR23236;PTHR23236:SF119 |
| PDB ID(s) | 2FC8, 2FC9, 2KRR, |
| pfam ID | PF00076, |
| Drug Bank ID | N.A., |
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL4295725 |
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Virus Name | Japanese encephalitis virus |
| Virus Short Name | JEV |
| Order | Amarillovirales |
| Virus Family | Flaviviridae |
| Virus Subfamily | N.A. |
| Genus | Flavivirus |
| Species | Japanese encephalitis virus |
| Host | Vertebrates |
| Cell Tropism | Neurons |
| Associated Disease | Encephalitis |
| Mode of Transmission | Sexual contact, blood, breast feeding |
| VIPR DB link | https://www.viprbrc.org/brc/vipr_search.do?species=Japanese_encephalitis_virus |
| ICTV DB link | https://ictv.global/report/183/flaviviridae |
| Virus Host DB link |
| Paper Title | Japanese encephalitis virus NS5 protein interacts with nucleolin to enhance the virus replication |
| Author's Name | Arundhati Deb , Shilpi Nagpal, Rajnesh Kumari Yadav, Harsh Thakur, Deepak Nair, Vengadesan Krishnan, Sudhanshu Vrati |
| Journal Name | Journal Of Virology |
| Pubmed ID | 39078257 |
| Abstract | Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an arthropod-borne, plus-strand flavivirus causing viral encephalitis in humans with a high case fatality rate. The JEV non-structural protein 5 (NS5) with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity interacts with the viral and host proteins to constitute the replication complex. We have identified the multifunctional protein Nucleolin (NCL) as one of the several NS5-interacting host proteins. We demonstrate the interaction and colocalization of JEV NS5 with NCL in the virus-infected HeLa cells. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of NCL indicated that it was required for efficient viral replication. Importantly, JEV grew to higher titers in cells over-expressing exogenous NCL, demonstrating its pro-viral role. We demonstrated that NS5 interacted with the RRM and GAR domains of NCL. We show that the NCL-binding aptamer AS1411 containing the G-quadruplex (GQ) structure and the GQ ligand BRACO-19 caused significant inhibition of JEV replication. The antiviral effect of AS1411 and BRACO-19 could be overcome in HeLa cells by the overexpression of exogenous NCL. We demonstrated that the synthetic RNAs derived from the 3′-NCR of JEV genomic RNA containing the GQ sequence could bind NCL in vitro. The replication complex binding to the 3′-NCR is required for the viral RNA synthesis. It is likely that NCL present in the replication complex destabilizes the GQ structures in the genomic RNA, thus facilitating the movement of the replication complex resulting in efficient virus replication. |
| Used Model | Neuro-2a (N2a), HeLa, Vero, C6/36, HAP1 |
| DOI | 10.1128/jvi.00858-24 |
