| Virus Name | Human Papillomavirus 31 |
| Virus Short Name | HPV31 |
| Order | Unassigned |
| Virus Family | Papillomaviridae |
| Virus Subfamily | N.A. |
| Genus | Alphapapillomavirus |
| Species | Human papillomavirus 16 |
| Host | Human, monkeys |
| Cell Tropism | Epithelial cells of skin, mucous membranes |
| Associated Disease | Malignant tumours |
| Mode of Transmission | Sexual, indirect and direct contact, auto-inoculation |
| VIPR DB link | N.A. |
| ICTV DB link | https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/dsdna-viruses-2011/w/dsdna_viruses/121/papillomaviridae |
| Virus Host DB link | http://www.genome.jp/virushostdb/view/?virus_lineage=Papillomaviridae |
| Paper Title | Differentiation-dependent changes in levels of C/EBP beta repressors and activators regulate human papillomavirus type 31 late gene expression |
| Author's Name | Vignesh Gunasekharan, Guylaine Hache, and Laimonis Laimins |
| Journal Name | Journal Of Virology |
| Pubmed ID | 22379085 |
| Abstract | The liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein (LAP) isoform of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) is shown to be a major activator of differentiation-dependent human papillomavirus (HPV) late gene expression, while the liver-enriched inhibitory protein (LIP) isoform negatively regulates late expression. In undifferentiated cells, LIPs act as dominant-negative repressors of late expression, and upon differentiation, LIP levels are significantly reduced, allowing LAP-mediated activation of the late promoter. Importantly, knockdown of C/EBPbeta isoforms blocks activation of late gene expression from complete viral genomes upon differentiation. |
| Used Model | C33A, HaCaT, 293T, and HPV-31-positive CIN-612 cells |
| DOI | 10.1128/JVI.07239-11 |
